Economic Growth of China

Economic Growth of China Introduction This paper provides summarizes of FDI in China in the past decade until 2009, It describes the overview of the Economic growth, the sources and the benefits and costs to China and foreign companies. Moreover, the paper analyses the potential impact of China to compare with other countries. This paper covers four main ideas: Firstly, there is the definition of FDI and how there are different between the direct and indirect investments. Secondly, to analyze the benefits that China will receive from FDI and case study of Hewlett-Packard. Next, how Economics China has been growing fast from 1999 to 2008 and how inflow FDI has effected to GDP growth. Finally, the last part is summary of benefit in China. What is FDI The International Monetary Fund defines foreign direct investment (FDI) as an investment that allows an investor to have a significant voice in the management of an enterprise operating outside the investors own country. For example, General Motor decided to reduce the cost of production in United State; therefore, GM invested money to build new factory in different countries such as China, Thailand and Malaysia. However, the host country has to have an equity stake at least 10 per cent or more for the voting power of the operation in a foreign country. There are two types of investments which are the direct investment such as bonds, stocks and buildings and the indirect investment such as new technologies, capital, processes, products, organizational technologies and management skills. Both investments have advantages to Chinas Economic and foreign investors. China has the population more than 1.3 billion people (1,330,044,605 as of mid-2008), and is the worlds largest number of the population. China has become the largest recipient of FDI in the third world, absorbing nearly half of total foreign investment in developing countries since 1992 (The Economist, 1999). Between 1999-2008, China had received the FDI inflows about US$ 58.52 billion which is equal to 7.32 per cent of direct investment with non-financial. At the end of 1978, Deng Xiaoping who was Chinese communist leader had new policy opening its economy for foreign firms to increase investment (Kahal, 2001). The government policies were set up for new joint ventures in special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Xiamen, Guangdong, and Shenzhen and coastal cities such as Fujian, Beijing, and Shanghai. The government also offered special incentive policies for FDI in these SEZs. As Tian said ‘The significant of Dengs policy initiatives is to make full use of market mechanisms, or re-link with the global market system, domestically as well as internationally. From this result, China has become a new market for foreign investors to encourage FDI inflows. In 2008, as shown in figure 1, China has a high of FDI inflow about US$ 92.4 billion or about 23.5 per cent of Economic growth. Non-Financial Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows between 1999-2008 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of projects 16,918 22,347 26,139 34,171 41,081 43,664 44,019 41,473 37,871 27,514 Growth (%) -14.6 32.1 17.0 30.7 20.2 6.3 0.8 -5.8 -8.7 -27.3 Utilized FDI ($ billion) 40.3 40.7 46.9 52.7 53.5 60.6 60.3 63.0 74.8 92.4 Growth (%) -11.3 1.0 15.2 12.4 1.5 13.3 -0.5 4.5 13.6 23.5 General Economic and Financial Indicators between 1999-2008 (All figures are in billions of RMB or percent unless otherwise indicated) Main Indicators 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP 8,967.7 9,921.5 10,965.5 12,033.3 13,582.3 15,987.8 18,321.7 21,192.4 25,730.6 30,067.0 Growth (%) 7.6 8.4 8.3 9.1 10.0 10.1 10.4 11.6 13.0 9.0 How does China get the benefit from FDI? To analyze the benefits of FDI into China; There are several opportunities for foreign invertors such as low cost and productivity of labour, natural resources and opening policy. China is the worlds largest population in the world and has a high level of labour with low salaries which can reduce the cost of production for foreign companies. In addition, this chance can create of employment opportunities and learn high technology skills. For example, Hewlett-Packard which was the first Sino-American high-tech joint venture in the Chinas electronic industry built in June 1985 in China (Lou, 2000). HP offered a long-term partnership, to maintain in the four modernizations and technological transfer and invested US$6-$7 million a year in the research and development center to provide professional service and support for its clients in China (Lou, 2000). From this investment, local communities would have knowledge transfers, technology spillovers and inflow of the capital. Moreover, MNCs in China give more benefits and higher rates such as bonuses, salaries, wages, and insurances because they are larger and more productivity than domestic companies or small companies. FDI transfers high technology skills to Chinese for increasing quality of production methods. How many of investment is Economic Growth? During 1999-2008 periods, Chinas FDI increased from US$ 40.3 billion to US$ 92.4 billion and the percentage of real GDP growth also become increasing from 7.6 per cent to 9 percent at the same time. However, the number of projects by foreign firms had dropped from 41,473 in 2005 to 27,514 in 2008 because of Economic crisis such as the Asian financial crisis, increasing fuel price and unemployment rate. Top 10 Origins of Non-Financial FDI Country/Region of Origin Amount Invested 2007 ($billion) Amount Invested 2008 ($billion) Year-on-Year Growth (%) Hong Kong 27.7 41.0 48.1 British Virgin Islands 16.6 16.0 -3.6 Singapore 3.2 4.4 39.3 Japan 3.6 3.7 1.8 Cayman Island 2.6 3.2 22.3 South Korean 3.7 3.1 -14.8 United States 2.6 2.9 12.5 Western Samoa 2.2 2.6 17.5 Taiwan 1.8 1.9 7.0 Mauritius 1.3 1.5 12.1 FDI is significant element in Chinas reform and economic growth. Thats mean inflow FDI increasing effect to the volume of GDP growth. In 2008, as shown in figure 3, Hong Kong that was the highest top 10 origins of non-financial FDI inflows, received the capital of investment from foreign enterprises about US$ 41 billion and gained more 48.1 per cent from last year (Cheng and Kwan, 2000; Gao, 2005). Conclusion China has become the largest market of FDI among developing countries because of opening trade policys Deng. It has been increasing of the capital inflow by foreign firms, even though economic world is slowly growth. Indeed, foreign investors bring the beneficial opportunity on Chinas economy such as technology transfers, productivity spillovers, employment opportunities and Economic growth. Reference Cheng, K.L. Kwan, Y.K. (2000), What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience, Journal of International Economics, vol. 51, pp. 379-400. Ford, M. (2008), Adoption of Quality Practices in a Multidivisional Environment: a longitudinal Study, Quality Management Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 7-16. Kahal, S. E. (2001), Business in Asia Pacific: text and cases, Oxford University Press, Oxford [England]. Luo, Y. (2000), Guanxi and business, World Scientific, Singapore. Rosenberg, M. (2008), China Population The Population Growth of the Worlds Largest Country. About.com Guide. Available from: http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/chinapopulation.htm [Accessed: December 10, 2009]. Tian, X. (1996), Chinas open door policy in development perspective, Canadian Journal of Development Studies 17, vol. 1, pp. 75-95.

Affordable Care Act Essay

Abstract The Affordable Care Act Health coverage was developed to provide and guarantee coverage for sickness, injury and preventable health measures. Many people suffer from illness’ that go untreated because they have no health insurance or cannot afford it. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act allows everyone to have health insurance. In this case study I will explain how the affordable Care Act in North Carolina has improved. The impact of the Affordable Care act on the population that it affected The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most comprehensive reform of the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also called Obama Care transforms the non-group insurance market in the United States, mandates that all residents will have health insurance, significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, Medicare. Many people are opposed to Obama Care, simply because their high Republican beliefs won’t allow them to participate in any program put in place by a Democrat. Participating in a Healthcare program shouldn’t be chosen by whichever political party you believe in, it should be determined by carefully thought out plans and weighing the pros and cons of whichever coverage best suits you and your family’s needs. The Affordable Care Act  does not affect people or families currently covered with adequate health insurance. Those who already have Heath Care in place are protected by the â€Å"Grandfather Policy†. However, it does affect lower income Americans without health care making below 138% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). They may qualify for Medicaid under Medicaid expansion, if they meet all of the policies requirements. This puts health care within reach of many people denied health care in the past. The President of the United States put laws in place that all people participate in the Affordable Care Act and get health care insurance or be penalized and pay monthly fines. This legislation ensures that all people be treated equally†¦ the rich, poor or anywhere in between, you must have health insurance. To some this program seems very beneficial, but we as Americans do not like the government controlling our Medicare choices. These newly enacted Affordable Care Acts were set in place to help all Americans receive health care and medical treatment. This act wasn’t put in place to provide care to people living in the United States illegally; undocumented immigrants and people who have been in the United States for less than five years do not qualify. The uninsured people, who gain insurance coverage in 2014, will obtain their coverage through the state’s Medicaid program. Beginning in 2014, the Affordable Care Act requires that states expand Medicaid coverage to most uninsured adults with modified adjusted gross income no greater than 138% of the federal poverty limit. Children in families with incomes no greater than 200% FPL will continue to be eligible for Medicaid or North Carolina Health Choice (North Carolina’s Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Other people will gain coverage through private insurance offered through the Health Benefit Exchange (HBE). (Milstead, 2013, p. 199) . The impact of the economics of providing care to patients from the organizations view In the case study, the impact of the affordable care act on North Carolina uninsured population in 2011 showed childless, non-disabled, nonelderly adults could not qualify for Medicaid. Being poor, unemployed or homeless did not qualify a person for Medicaid. People, who are uninsured, are more likely to delay care and less likely to receive  preventive services, primary care, or chronic care management. As of 2014, The Affordable care Act adults will be able to qualify for Medicaid if their income is no greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. That income level was set at $30,429 for a family of four in 2010. However, some states do allow a family of four to have higher incomes and still qualify. The case study also showed that providing Medicaid to all people across the chart insured total coverage to all people and the FPL (Federal Poverty Level) had risen to a level where all peo ple were nearly identical to one another. Suggesting that if health care is provided equally throughout the nation there will be a lull in infectious diseases and untreated illnesses because everyone would seek treatment since they have coverage. Some of the economic growth and plans involve tax credits to individuals and families participating in Affordable Care Act, helping to keep participation affordable to all. Doing so helps to promote membership to all, thus keeping costs at a minimum and entices more families to participate. Another planned impact would be the cap placed on insurance company’s expenditures, careful monitoring of costs to provide service will eliminate overcharging by insurance companies and its affiliates. The government understands that it will take a number of years before the Affordable Care Act will show how much of a positive impact this program has on its participants. However, the government promises that keeping health care costs affordable will eventually lower rates and spending across the board. It says that with health care more available to all, more people get better and employees will come in to work reducing sick days and create better productivity, and financial gain for everyone. The Affordable Care Act also keeps families from financial ruin now when a family member becomes sick or unable to work they can still have health coverage through policies of their own or coverage provided through a participating family member. Before when a family member got sick they had to worry about being cut off of coverage if they lost their jobs. Families also had the added worry of escalating medical expenses while they were suffering through their sicknesses. Many feared losing their homes to pay for medical expenses. How the patients will be affected in relationship to the cost of treatment, quality of treatment, and access to treatment The Residents of North Carolina’s will have access to quality, affordable health care under the updated health insurance reform. The Affordable Care Act of 2014 will have a positive effect on patient safety and outcomes. It will provide many resources to allow patients easier access to insurance for health care costs and preventive care such as cancer screenings and vaccines. It will give incentives to health care facilities to improve the care being given. It is also mandated for all healthcare facilities to use electronic health record systems to keep track of all patient information to minimize errors. Doing this will also ensure that all patients receive the same care and treatment at all facility’s and that hospitals can share new developments or procedures. Reducing costs and prolonged hospital stays and long drawn out treatments, patients in need of specialized treatments can be sent to facilities better equipped to treat them with records of their treatments already in the system. (R. Kocher, J. Emanuel, M. Deparle, 2014, pp. 536-540) The Affordable Care Act provides medical coverage for families and children and is required to continue to make such coverage available for an adult child who is not married until the child reaches age 26. However, the Affordable Care Act is not obligated to make coverage available for a child of a child receiving dependent coverage. These people are considered parents themselves, and are expected to work and provide health care for their dependent children themselves. The ethical implications of this act for both the organization and the patients Since the beginning of 2010 adults, can qualify for Medicaid if their income is not greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. Gaining strength over the last couple of years as of 2014 everyone is qualified to get Affordable Health Care as long as they meet the plans restrictions and verifications. As everyone in North Carolina gains health coverage, the state and county governments could potentially reduce some of the expense to safety net providers currently used to help pay for services to the uninsured. Under this new mandated health reform, hospitals and medical  providers will be assured funding and payment since this program is to be funded by the federal government. Thus providing a system where medical facilities can focus on patient care, and not worry about the un or under insured not being able to pay for the care they receive. When organizations across the entire United States are given enough funding to cover the expense of new equipment and supplies, it allows more opportunities for hiring more educated staff members, and lets health providers focus on patient care. The state of North Carolina may eventually experience a decrease in unnecessary use of the emergency department and reduced hospitalizations as more people gain coverage and access to preventive and primary care services. Once health care is made more readily available and affordable to more people and families, the risk of fraud and abuse of services would be greatly reduced. These worries and concerns will all but be eliminated because health care would now be available to all Americans. Even Americans who were once refused treatment due to pre-existing health problems can now be seen by a physician. The Affordable Care Act prohibits pre-existing condition exclusions, refusals of treatment and all other discriminations based on health status by group health plans. Reference Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Kocher, R., Emanuel, E. J., & DeParle, N. M. (2010). The Affordable Care Act and the Future of Clinical Medicine: The Opportunities and Challenges. Annals Of Internal Medicine, 153(8), 536-W.190 Kovner, A. R., & Knickerman, J. R. (2011). Health care delivery in the United States. (10th ed.). New York, NY: Springer. 2014, 01). Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolina Uninsured Population. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 01, 2014, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Impact-Of-Affordable-Care-Act-On-46392180.html (P.L. 111-152 Summary of patient protection and affordable care act (P.L. 111-148, H.R. 3590), with amendments of the health care and education reconciliation act of 2010, H.R. 4872). (2010). Tax Management Tax Practice Series Bulletin, 22(7), 12-31. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/193794262?accountid=14872

An Actionable Guide on Immigration Argument Essay Topics in Step by Step Order

An Actionable Guide on Immigration Argument Essay Topics in Step by Step Order Now you are aware of how to compose your essay on immigration. Many people have a tendency to think that eradicating illegal immigration is impossible and that it cannot do the job. Illegal immigration can be repealed in the event the government takes the appropriate measures. Banning immigration won't improve the condition of the US labor market or lower the unemployment rate of native residents. The price of immigration ought to be reduced so as to reduce illegal immigrations. Furthermore, illegal immigrants also tend to commit different crimes since they aren't mindful of the other prevailing laws of the nation that they seek residence. The only means to stop illegal immigration is to create changes in rules. Illegal immigration may also hurt our economy because the taxpayers have to be responsible for the advantages that the illegals get. Among the most heated debates in the USA today, is the matter of immigration. There are a few problems that surpass the controversies which were raised about immigration. A great deal of public controversy was sparked on the discourse of affirmative action, which is all about the discrimination of the immigrants at work. Illegal Immigration Amnesty There are a number of problems that the USA faces and the one which is causing several debates is illegal immigration. So How About Immigration Argument Essay Topics? Illegal immigration can place substantial stress on the current economic superstructures in a nation, but at the exact time, assist the said superstructures throughout the provision of inexpensive and beneficial manpower. Granting amnesty will assist the nation focus on more important resources like militia. In addition, immigrants do not allocate jobs to themselves but they're preferred by the neighborhood industries so they can minimize the operation expenses. An ill egal immigrant can't be considered an employee under the IRCA, which automatically handles the discrimination issue. Hearsay, Lies and Immigration Argument Essay Topics Writing any essay demands precisely the same quantity of effort. Proper researching is extremely important if writing persuasive essay. There are, in addition, some special methods for writing the very first and the very last paragraphs (introduction and conclusion). While the next topics. Many people are inclined to compose weak arguments due to the fact that they don't know how to compose a compelling argument. The thesis statement will just sound weak with no instigating aspect. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. Pick a statement you will support throughout the remainder of the essay. Top Immigration Argument Essay Topics Choices An individual might argue that the immigrants are people after all and that they ought to not be discriminated against even should they come illegally into the nation. Illegal immigrants play a major role in raising the gross domestic product of the usa. They bring a lot of problems to the United States, and many are of the opinion they should not be allowed to enter the country in the first place. Some illegal immigrants are employing the asylum seeking route to continue to remain in developed nations. Civil wars are the chief reason for increased illegal immigrations. Illegal aliens in line with the law are people that are undocumented and not originally from the country they are residing in. The Immigration Argument Essay Topics Pitfall At the close of the day, going to work in another nation is decided by not having an alternative, although it is shown to be a tough path. You can receive some ideas from a good example. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to choose a topic that has more than one clear side. On the opposing side of the issue people feel that it's time for an urgent demand for an immigration reform.

Creative Brief Marketing Plan - 1725 Words

Creative Brief Key Features They have several unique features/offerings that include, furniture delivery, locally made products, and one of a kind home furniture, as well as high quality customer service. Proposed Target Market With these unique features/offerings, the target market proposed is women age 25+ with higher income in the San Marcos and New Braunfels area. This target market will bring in customers who are willing to buy on the higher end and women who will keep coming in on a regular basis. Our focus is to target women who are already in the area shopping at the outlet. Proposed Positioning Statement To increase their sales in the home section of the boutique the positioning of their boutique needs to be changed. The proposed positioning statement states, â€Å"For women, who are looking to find unique pieces and experience great customer service, Two P’s Calli’s offers one of a kind pieces to meet your style needs, while providing customers with professional, but friendly service. Unlike any other business in the San Marcos area, Two P’s Calli s does not compromise quality or service.† This statement positions Two P’s Calli’s against their competitors as a unique shopping experience in San Marcos. Message Proposed Two P’s Calli’s is a local gem filled with one-of-a-kind pieces that are sure to impress your guests when hosting dinner parties, holiday events, and much more. Unlike most furniture stores, Two P’s Calli’s does not bombard you with a â€Å"quickShow MoreRelatedMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7937 Words   |  32 PagesSummary 3 1. Situation Analysis 3 1.1 Internal Analysis 3 1.2 External Analysis 4 1.3 SWOT 4 2. Identification of Marketing Problem or Opportunity 5 2.1 Marketing Problem 5 2.2 Marketing Opportunity 5 3. Marketing Objectives 5 4. Positioning 6 5. Communication Objectives 7 6. Campaign Budget 8 6.1 Budgeted Costs 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. Choice of Media 14 8.1 Traditional Advertising 14 i.Read MoreMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7930 Words   |  32 PagesSituation Analysis 3 1.1 Internal Analysis 3 1.2 External Analysis 4 1.3 SWOT 4 2. Identification of Marketing Problem or Opportunity 5 2.1 Marketing Problem 5 2.2 Marketing Opportunity 5 3. Marketing Objectives 5 4. Positioning 6 5. Communication Objectives 7 6. Campaign Budget 8 6.1 Budgeted Costs 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. 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Use a high street retailer of your choice and a business of your choice,Read MoreBusiness: Marketing and Promotional Campaign1596 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ BTEC Level 3 National in Business Unit 9: Creative Product Promotion Unit code: Y/502/5425 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Start Date: 11th January 2012 Interim Date: 7th February 2012 Finish Date: 5th April 2012 Teacher: Mrs C Hamps Student Name: Grading Criteria To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: To achieveRead MoreAssignment Brief Unit 9 Creative Product Promotion 1 1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿BRAESIDE HIGH SCHOOL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS UNIT 9: CREATIVE PRODUCT PROMOTION Assignment Brief Title: Creative product promotion Date set : 23TH April 2015 Handing Dates : 30 TH JUNE 2015 Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1. Know the constituents of the promotional mix 2. Understand the role of promotion within the marketing mix 3. Understand the role of advertising agencies and the media 4. Be able to create a simple promotional

Marcus Brutus as a Tragic Hero Essay - 1002 Words

A tragic hero in Shakespearean literature is understood as a noble and heroic character who makes a series of bad decisions based on his bad judgment that leads to his downfall and eventually death. In William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, the tragic hero is Marcus Brutus, a powerful Roman senator who joins a conspiracy to assassinate the Roman ruler, Julius Caesar. Marcus Brutus is a tragic hero because of his noble reputation, his moral personality, the cathartic experience that the audience feels from his life and his tragic flaw: idealism. Brutus is a tragic hero because he is well-respected in Roman society. This is displayed when Cassius, Casca and Cinna are speaking about the conspiracy after the marathon on the feast of†¦show more content†¦This displays that Brutus has no personal resentment towards Caesar, but is doing what is best for the Roman people. Therefore, Marcus Brutus’s moral integrity shows in his decisions, which makes him a tragic hero. Moreover, Marcus Brutus displays qualities of a tragic hero because of his tragic flaw: idealism. Brutus shows his tragic flaw when he speaks to the conspirators after they assassinate Caesar, and he says, Stoop, Romans, stoop, And let us bathe our hands in Caesar’s blood Up to the elbows, and besmear our swords: Then walk we forth, even to the market-place, And waving our red weapons o’er our heads, Let’s all cry, ‘Peace, freedom, and liberty!’ (3.1.105–10). This shows that he wants the Romans to know that he killed Caesar for them. Also that by walking in public showing Caes ars blood on their hands openly he wants to display that theres no shame in what he did because he truly believes it was done with the best intentions at heart. Also, when Brutus meets with theShow MoreRelatedMarcus Brutus : A Tragic Hero2084 Words   |  9 Pagesto their naivety. In any case the incapability to reason turns out to be a flaw, and in the instance of Marcus Brutus, a tragic flaw. 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The mindset that Brutus possessed only allowed him to see the world and its people from one point of view. This point of view allowed him to make judgments that assumed only the best of people. This tragic weakness resulted in manyRead MoreEssay about Marcus Brutus: Praetor, Senator, and Tragic Hero858 Words   |  4 PagesMarcus Brutus: Praetor, Senator, and Tragic Hero The famous play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by the esteemed playwright William Shakespeare, details the plight of Marcus Brutus and the other Roman conspirators against the dictator Julius Caesar. There are several tragic heroes in this play who suffer extreme downfalls. 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The noble Brutus is a much more accurate fit for the role of tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character with a tragic flaw that goes from good fortune to complete misfortune in a fairly quick downfall. Although some may argue that Caesar fits this depiction, Brutus is a better choice. He goes from the top of the social standings to international scumbag when

The Who Music Quiz Free Essays

string(65) " led to disputes and arguments, sometimes even violence onstage\." Short Disclaimer: You may or may not notice that I did not mention everything The Who have released, or all the people in their line-up at all times. Nor did I mention Tommy(the movie) or Quadrophenia (the movie). I wanted to focus on The Who’s music in their prime years, rather than their various reunions and films. We will write a custom essay sample on The Who Music Quiz or any similar topic only for you Order Now Band Members: Pete Townshend: Guitar, vocals Roger Daltrey: Vocals, harmonica John Entwistle: Bass, vocals, French horn Keith Moon (until 1978): Drums, vocals Kenney Jones (after 1978): Drums John Bundrick (after 1978): Keyboards Discography: 1964: Singles: I’m the Face 1965: Singles: I Can’t Explain, My Generation 1965: The Who Sings My Generation 1966: Singles: Substitute, I’m a Boy, The Kids Are Alright, Happy Jack 1966: A Quick One 1967: Singles: Pictures of Lilly, I Can See For Miles 1967: The Who Sell Out 1968: Singles: I Can’t Reach You, Dogs, Magic Bus. 1968: Magic Bus – The Who on Tour 1969: Singles: Pinball Wizard, I’m Free, The Acid Queen 1969: Tommy 1970: Singles: The Seeker, Summertime Blues 1970: Live at Leeds 1971: Singles: Behind Blue Eyes, Lets See Action 1971: Who’s Next 1971: Meaty, Beaty, Big and Bouncy 1972: Singles: Join Together, Relay 1973: Singles: 5:15, Love Reign O’Er Me 1973: Quadrophenia 1974: Single: The Rael Me 1974: Odds and Sods 1975: Singles: Squeeze Box, Slip Kid 1975: The Who by the Numbers 1978: Who Are You? 1979: The Kids Are Alright (Soundtrack) 1981: Face Dances 1982: It’s Hard 1991: Thirty Years of Maximum RB (Box Set) 1996: My Generation – The Very Best of the Who 1996: Live at the Isle of Wight 2000: BBC Sessions 2002: Ultimate Collection 2002: Live at the Royal Albert Hall 2004: Then and Now: 1964-2004 Few bands in rock history have had the talent, ability, energy, and impact as The Who did from the mid 60’s to the late 70’s. Starting as an offshoot of the British Invasion, the Who evolved to become one of the most powerful and one of the greatest rock n’ roll bands of all time. Though by definition they weren’t a super-group (the members were not already established as premier musicians before The Who took off), they arguably had the talent to be one. Destroying equipment, blowing up bass drums, Townshend’s windmill, Daltrey’s tough guy attitude and rock vocal power, and Entwistle’s â€Å"eye of the hurricane† approach to the stage show and lead bass-playing are all defining parts of The Who that make them a legend in their time and into today. Pete Townshend was the artistic leader of the band, and he constantly moved them in new directions to reach areas no rock bands had been and few have been since. Aside from his artistic creativity, his guitar playing was very good. He is often overlooked because he did not do many solos or much flashy guitar work, but he fit the band perfectly. Not only was Townshend a capable guitarist, but his song writing ability is up there with the best. Townshend also sang background vocals and occasionally lead vocals, making him even more valuable to the band. Roger Daltrey, the singer of the group, started as a great singer with solid range and glimpses of power. His versatility allowed him to progress into a power-rock front man, and his amazing stage presence propelled The Who’s live shows throughout their career. But the real focus of The Who is usually on the rhythm section (or in The Who’s case, the lead instrumental section). John Entwistle was a pioneer in bass playing, as he was one of first players to show that bass could be the lead instrument in rock music. He immediately made his presence known in The Who with his heavy sound and distorted bass, like the fills in My Generation . Entwistle also added solid backup vocals, which gave The Who more dimensions in their vocal harmonies. And then ,of course, there is Keith Moon. Moon was a defining aspect of The Who, and a key part of why they were so different from almost all other bands. His attacking drum style, blazing speed, and constant fills would become a trademark of The Who, especially in their live show. Although Keith is usually noted for being a crazy man on the drums, he tends to show a significant amount of control on their studio albums. There are more fills than other drummers, but enough restraint so as not to ruin t he track. Instrumentally, Entwistle and Moon led the band. Townshend was a good guitar player, but he usually found himself pounding out power-chords and solid riffs in the role of a rhythm player while John and Keith took the role as lead players. That is not to say that Pete never played lead or that he could not solo, however. Townshend and Entwistle first met each other in high school, and initially played in a Dixieland band together (John was on trumpet and Pete was on banjo) in 1962. In 1963, Entwistle left to play bass for the newly formed Detours, with singer Roger Daltrey already in place. Soon, Townshend joined them band on guitar. Not long after, there was a drumming void, and Keith Moon was added to the band. They changed their name to The Who in 1964. After struggling for a few months to progress, the band met an interested manager in Pete Meaden. Under his direction, the band became known as the High Numbers and began wearing suits and playing more of an RB style. Their first single contained I’m the Face/Zoot Suit , but it faired poorly. Meaden was cut, and they reformed as The Who. I Can’t Explain was the band’s next single, and it did much better. After the band played a TV performance that featured Moon and Townshend destroying their instruments, The Who starting gainin g popularity. The band’s dynamics in this time period are very interesting. Each member had vastly different personalities, which often led to disputes and arguments, sometimes even violence onstage. You read "The Who Music Quiz" in category "Papers" Instead of keeping these altercations private, The Who made them well-known. They became notorious for their violent demeanour and aggressive stage act, but instead of having a negative effect on the band, the result was that their popularity continually grew. It is important here to stress the Who’s significance to the Mod movement in London at the time. The hundred of mods in the audience became a medium through which The Who could let out their pent-up aggression. In these years, The Who soon became the Mod band, the voice of the rebellious teenagers, soon to represent what rock and roll would become: a defiant escape from the previous generation and a defiant statement against it. As I Can’t Explain had jumped to the British Top Ten, the band was now ready to record an album. The Who Sings My Generation was built around the title track, also released as a single. The album showcases the raw style of the band early in their career. There is noticeable influence of RB, blues, and Motown, added into the Who’s style of power rock. Its lasting legacy to music is undoubtedly My Generation . This song displays the defiant attitude of the band and Townshend’s infamous, â€Å"hope I die before I get old† line. The rebellious nature of the song even became somewhat of an influence on the future punk movement, which would start to see its true beginnings in just a couple years. Also seen here are instrumental statements of Entwistle and Moon. As mentioned before, Entwistle’s fills are remarkable. The end of the song features Moon all over the drums, producing a wall of sound that no other drummer of the time could even hope to emulate. The song would also become a key part of their live show for the upcoming years. The single Substitute was released shortly after that album, and met more British success. The song itself is a solid pop tune with great drumming and good vocals. The Band again prepared for more studio work. The Who’s next record would prove to be an interesting one, to say the least. Titled A Quick One (in Britain) or Happy Jack (in America), it would expand on the base of The Who to showcase a wide variety of music. The tracks range from the circus type music of Cobwebs and Strange (which features amazing drumming from Moon, it’s somewhat of a mini drum solo) to the ten minute mini-opera of the title track, A Quick One . This is Townshend’s first experiment with a lengthy piece that centered on a theme. The plot concerns a woman who cheats on her husband while he is away for a long time. Musically, the song moves through six movements that run together successfully. Also on the album were the strange Happy Jack and even stranger Boris the Spider , both of whi ch are solid and are now well known tracks. The most important parts of this album were the fact that the band was certainly showing signs of evolution (which were necessary to further develop and survive as the 60’s died out), and the mini-opera concept Townshend was starting to create. This idea would become more important on the band’s next album, and eventually reach a climax on Tommy. Their next record, The Who Sell Out (1967), is debatably a concept album that centers on a mock radio broadcast program. Between nearly every song, there is a short mock radio jingle. The album even includes the band advertising certain products in song form, as the title would suggest. There are some rather obvious examples of this, such as Heinz Baked Beans , and other examples that can actually stand alone as solid songs, like Odorono . There is even some dabbing in psychedelia (after all, it was 1967) like on Armenia, City In the Sky . The Who take full advantage of the studio to produce this record, though the music itself still has a bit of the raw essence of the early Who. These early albums do not tend to present the loud raucous Who that their live show represented; instead, there is a strong sense of melody and control. Moon shows remarkable constraint (for him, at least) on songs like Tattoo . Sunrise, I Can’t Reach You, and Our Love Was showed Townshend’s so fter side as a songwriter. I Can See For Miles was the only the album’s top ten hit and the only track that got radio play and it features great singing from Roger and typical Keith Moon drumming. However, the real climax of the album is Rael , and religious conceptual experiment. The Who even develops some of the instrumental themes for Tommy on this song (mostly from songs like Sparks or The Underture ). They were now only a short step away from a full-blown concept album. The Who’s live show was growing in popularity, size, volume, etc, as they became a bigger band over the last few years. Destroying their equipment was now a standard part of their nightly show. In fact, The Who destroyed so much equipment and gear, that they were actually in debt for a few years, despite the success of their albums and singles. Ironically, the band had stopped smashing their instruments by the time they had enough funds to actually afford doing it. In 1967, The Who performed at the Monterey Pop Festival in front of 200,000 people. Two years before the legendary Woodstock, a festival of this magnitude was a great tool to help launch the band into their upcoming power rock years. In 1968, The Who continued to release singles, including the ever-popular Magic Bus . To help keep momentum, they also released Magic Bus -The Who on Tour , a collection of some early singles and some album cuts not available previously. Through the rest of 1968, Townshend worked on what would be considered by many the band’s artistic peak. He developed an interesting concept and a complex plot that moved through the life of a deaf, dumb, and blind boy who plays pinball. Tommy , released 1969, is a double-album and a conceptual masterpiece. The album is known for being the first very successful rock-opera (and one of the first in general). Tommy was met with great commercial success, especially in America. The plot, though confusing at times, is generally easy to follow. An interesting aspect of Tommy is in the religious themes it develops. By the end Tommy becomes such a powerful figure for fans seeking salvation (Sally Simpson ). Musically, the album is unquestionably strong. The Who were able to use great vocal harmonies and soft melodies in combination with their naturally loud and upfront style to produce an ideal mix of the two. Moon is excellent without being over-powering, and Townshend’s song writing may have peaked here with impressive lyrics throughout the whole album. There are also instrumental movements like Sparks and The Underture , both of which relate to a strong musical theme. Combined with unbelievable songs like Amazing Journey, The Overture, Acid Queen, Pinball Wizard, Christmas, I’m Free, We’re Not Gonna Take It , and a great album structure, Tommy is an album that by itself would have made The Who’s career great. Tommy was the peak of the early Who, and soon the band would undergo changes that would dominate their style in the 70’s. Touring to support the album, their live show grew in magnitude. Often they would play the entire album all the way through, each night reproducing the epic plot. 1969 also brought about another event that would have lasting effects on The Who: Woodstock. The legendary music festival was the basis for further evolution in the band’s sound. The power of their live show was now all but unmatched, and it thrived off performances of epic songs such as the See me, Feel me climax. Roger Daltrey especially evolved during this time. In these years, he became Tommy to the audience, a sex symbol and a leader of the band on stage. Not to say that he was outshining the other members, however. In 1970, The Who decided to d0cument their astounding show with their release of Live at Leeds . The original LP featured rousing versions of Summertime Blues and Young Man Blues , along with a 15-minute version of My Generation that experiments with the Tommy themes. This album is regarded as one of the best live albums ever released, and it’s no wonder why. It is still widely considered one of the best live performances ever recorded. A two-disc Deluxe Edition of the album is now available, which features Tommy performed almost in its entirety. Later that same year, The Who also played at the gigantic Isle of Wight Festival. With over 600,000 fans in attendance, The Who delivered a spectacular set. The material is similar to that of Live at Leeds , with new songs like Water, I Don’t Even Know Myself, Spoonful/Twist and Shout , and an abridged version of Tommy . The show is now available on DVD as well as CD. The Who’s momentum in 1970 to 1971 was also supplemented by the release of Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy , a collection of early singles, as well as the release of The Seeker as a new single. The new song gave audiences a feel for the type of sound that The Who would produce during the upcoming years. After the release of a record that stretched the idea of what was possible by four guys on a stage with just their instruments, The Who decided to use the studio to their full advantage on their next album. Synthesizers drive the album, and there use here was one of the first times a band used them so effectively. However, Pete was having difficulty with the album’s concept. Townshend’s original idea was a project titled Life house , which supposedly dealt with science fiction and a utopian society, but the idea was becoming increasingly complex and spiralled out of control. In response to the stress build up and complications, Townshend suffered a nervous breakdown. After his recovering, The Who picked up the pieces of Pete’s failed work and came up with their 1971 release, Who’s Next (this album is said jokingly by many to be the greatest failure in the history of rock music). The new album carried a much heavier sound than their previous studio work, an d was very synthesizer-driven. This is evident right from the start of the album. There are definite beginnings of The Who’s â€Å"arena rock† era, which would last basically all of the 70’s. Hard rock anthems like Baba O’Riley, Bargain, Behind Blue Eyes, and Won’t Get Fooled Again all became very popular and received extensive play on FM radio. It also contains popular fan songs like My Wife and The Song is Over . Who’s Next is usually thought of as the band’s best album, and is probably their most popular. After more touring with the new material The Who were ready to go back into the studio. Determined to overcome his previous â€Å"failure† and do another Tommy so to speak, Townshend prepared to create another complex concept album. He moved through many possible ideas, each time getting involved in them for a period and then abandoning the concept. Eventually, Townshend settled on looking back at the time he knew best: the Mods. The double-album Quadrophenia was crafted together and released in 1973. The album’s concept dealt with a youth, Jimmy, growing up in 60’s and struggling to find himself in a mod society. Despite starting with a much stronger story than Tommy originally had, Quadrophenia’s plot suffers from being underdeveloped. Townshend tried to incorporate four vastly different personalities into his central character, each of which reflected a member of the band, but this too was left underdeveloped and only weakened Quadrophenia as a thematic album. Ultimately, the record’s attempted concept was too complex for the mass Who audience to understand. The album is also very studio heavy, meaning that its complexities (horn sections, various studio effects, overdubs, etc) made it very difficult for the band to replicate it live, unlike most of their earlier material. Despite these negative points about the album, the music overall is very well done. Standout tracks include The Real Me, The Punk and the Godfather, I’ve Had Enough, 5:15, and Love Reign O’Er Me. The Real Me features some amazing bass playing, even by Entwistle’s standards, and Love Reign O’Er Me showcases Daltrey’s undeniable power and the emotional climax of the album. Quadrophenia also features what may be Keith Moon’s best studio drumming. However, the inability to reproduce the album’s sound on a tour would prove costly for the group, and caused them to take a step back. After Quadrophenia , The Who began to drift apart slightly. Townshend and Entwistle were both interested in their own solo projects. Pete began to drink excessively, a habit that would plague him for the next several years. Moon was enjoying his rock star lifestyle of substance abuse and like Townshend, this would cause problems for him in the next few years. Regardless of this, Pete continued working on songs for The Who and for their next album. During their off year in 1974, The Who released Odds and Sods , another singles and album cuts collection spanning The Who’s career to that point. The band goes back to the basics on The Who by the Numbers , released 1975. The complex arrangements of the last album were replaced by basically pure rock music. Townshend’s lyrics were very emotional and personal. The album and its subsequent tour were both hits, but it did not stand up the level of their past four releases. The record’s strongest tracks were Slip Kid and Squeeze Box , with a number of other expressive songs like They Are All in Love and How Many Friends . After the tour, The Who was exhausted and artistically worn-out and agreed to take an extended break. Very little would be heard from the band until they came back together in 1978 to work on their new album. The resulting record would be Who Are You , which was a relatively big success. However, the album is plagued with problems and inconsistencies. Alcoholism and substance abuse were taking their tolls on Townshend and Moon, and although their instrumental ability is still intact, there is the sense that the group is starting to fade. Moon especially during this time was very flakey. It was questionable whether he would turn up for sessions or not. Sometimes he would even forget parts of his drumming and have to relearn things in the studio. The album relied heavily on synthesizers and complex arrangements, and in some cases these are certainly overdone. The title track is the album’s biggest accomplishment. The commercial success of the record may have triggered The Who’s comeback, but it was not to be. On September 7, 1978, Keith Moon overdosed on a drug that was h elping him get away from his alcoholism, and died. Losing a band member like Keith Moon almost immediately implies that the band would not continue. Moon was a defining aspect of The Who for nearly 14 years, and he was certainly not replaceable. Almost no drummers could bring to a band what he brought to The Who. However, the surviving members elected to continue playing. Later they would all agree that The Who in fact did end with Keith Moon’s death. Kenney Jones, formerly of the Small Faces, was hired as Moon’s replacement. Keyboardist John Bundrick was also added to the group, and they began working on new material and set up for a tour. They gained momentum through the release of The Kids Are Alright, a collection of video footage of the group’s entire career. But their momentum and goodwill was crushed when they were informed about the deaths of 11 people after being trampled in a Cincinnati accident. Townshend fell deep into drug use now, and had an almost fatal encounter with heroin in 1981. Daltrey and Entwistle worked on their solo careers, but met limited success. The band reformed to release Face Dances (1981) and It’s Hard (1982). Though with some standout material (namely Eminence Front ), the albums pale in comparison to The Who of ten years ago. Their 1982 Tour was supposedly a goodbye to fans, as they were basically packing it in. The remainder of the 80’s saw numerous Who collections emerge, and finally in 1991 the band brought together a successful 4-disc box set. The three core members continued their solo careers, and have reunited a few times in the 90’s for brief tours and various benefits. When it looked as though the group was gaining steam, John Entwistle died in June of 2002. The Who’s lasting legacy to rock music is one of the greatest ever left. They did what no band had done and very few have done. Between the early mod Who, the guitar-smashing mid 60’s Who, the concept/thematic album Who, and the unyielding arena-rock Who, few bands have changed as much as they did and covered so much area in music. Their legendary live show is still though off as one of the best rock has ever seen. With the super talented musicians they had, it is no wonder that The Who were able to produce so much good music and influence so many bands and artists of their time, and even now. Their music will indeed live on forever. How to cite The Who Music Quiz, Papers

Franklin Roosevelts Victory free essay sample

A discussion of Roosevelts accomplishments in the courts and judiciary that won him support and victory. This paper takes a look at Franklin D, Roosevelt and his governmental successes in 1936. The author examines Roosevelts judicial revolution during the time that marked his steps for victory and support. I may give you an awful shock in about two weeks, Franklin D. Roosevelt had confided to a close adviser on January 15, 1936.The Supreme Court had successively rejected his New Deal reforms meant to provide economic and social relief. Roosevelt resolved that the solution to the depression lay in the addition of new, liberal justices who would approve his programs. The next month, the president alarmed the nation with a proposal to reorganize the judiciary. The highly controversial court packing bill generated ripples of protest and debate. While critics accused Roosevelt of scheming to expand his personal power, many began to reexamine current conditions to determine what was needed to overcome the standstill of the recovery from the Great Depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Franklin Roosevelts Victory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The deteriorating economic and social conditions and a series of unpopular Supreme Court decisions opened doors to criticism and analysis of the nine justices, and after the court packing bill, the pressure from the president, Congress, and the public reached its pinnacle. The proposal itself died out without much success, but its consequences were momentous. The threat of the bill, along with Roosevelts awesome victory in 1936, drove the Supreme Court to abandon its mechanical interpretation of the Constitution and open its eyes to the `plainest facts of our nation.` The bill played a key part in the judicial revolution process by acquiring the two swing votes that were the critical factors in the Courts decisions. Later its pressure pushed many justices to retirement, allowing Roosevelt to crowd the Supreme Court with his supporters, and truly concretize his victory.