Economic Growth of China

Economic Growth of China Introduction This paper provides summarizes of FDI in China in the past decade until 2009, It describes the overview of the Economic growth, the sources and the benefits and costs to China and foreign companies. Moreover, the paper analyses the potential impact of China to compare with other countries. This paper covers four main ideas: Firstly, there is the definition of FDI and how there are different between the direct and indirect investments. Secondly, to analyze the benefits that China will receive from FDI and case study of Hewlett-Packard. Next, how Economics China has been growing fast from 1999 to 2008 and how inflow FDI has effected to GDP growth. Finally, the last part is summary of benefit in China. What is FDI The International Monetary Fund defines foreign direct investment (FDI) as an investment that allows an investor to have a significant voice in the management of an enterprise operating outside the investors own country. For example, General Motor decided to reduce the cost of production in United State; therefore, GM invested money to build new factory in different countries such as China, Thailand and Malaysia. However, the host country has to have an equity stake at least 10 per cent or more for the voting power of the operation in a foreign country. There are two types of investments which are the direct investment such as bonds, stocks and buildings and the indirect investment such as new technologies, capital, processes, products, organizational technologies and management skills. Both investments have advantages to Chinas Economic and foreign investors. China has the population more than 1.3 billion people (1,330,044,605 as of mid-2008), and is the worlds largest number of the population. China has become the largest recipient of FDI in the third world, absorbing nearly half of total foreign investment in developing countries since 1992 (The Economist, 1999). Between 1999-2008, China had received the FDI inflows about US$ 58.52 billion which is equal to 7.32 per cent of direct investment with non-financial. At the end of 1978, Deng Xiaoping who was Chinese communist leader had new policy opening its economy for foreign firms to increase investment (Kahal, 2001). The government policies were set up for new joint ventures in special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Xiamen, Guangdong, and Shenzhen and coastal cities such as Fujian, Beijing, and Shanghai. The government also offered special incentive policies for FDI in these SEZs. As Tian said ‘The significant of Dengs policy initiatives is to make full use of market mechanisms, or re-link with the global market system, domestically as well as internationally. From this result, China has become a new market for foreign investors to encourage FDI inflows. In 2008, as shown in figure 1, China has a high of FDI inflow about US$ 92.4 billion or about 23.5 per cent of Economic growth. Non-Financial Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows between 1999-2008 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of projects 16,918 22,347 26,139 34,171 41,081 43,664 44,019 41,473 37,871 27,514 Growth (%) -14.6 32.1 17.0 30.7 20.2 6.3 0.8 -5.8 -8.7 -27.3 Utilized FDI ($ billion) 40.3 40.7 46.9 52.7 53.5 60.6 60.3 63.0 74.8 92.4 Growth (%) -11.3 1.0 15.2 12.4 1.5 13.3 -0.5 4.5 13.6 23.5 General Economic and Financial Indicators between 1999-2008 (All figures are in billions of RMB or percent unless otherwise indicated) Main Indicators 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP 8,967.7 9,921.5 10,965.5 12,033.3 13,582.3 15,987.8 18,321.7 21,192.4 25,730.6 30,067.0 Growth (%) 7.6 8.4 8.3 9.1 10.0 10.1 10.4 11.6 13.0 9.0 How does China get the benefit from FDI? To analyze the benefits of FDI into China; There are several opportunities for foreign invertors such as low cost and productivity of labour, natural resources and opening policy. China is the worlds largest population in the world and has a high level of labour with low salaries which can reduce the cost of production for foreign companies. In addition, this chance can create of employment opportunities and learn high technology skills. For example, Hewlett-Packard which was the first Sino-American high-tech joint venture in the Chinas electronic industry built in June 1985 in China (Lou, 2000). HP offered a long-term partnership, to maintain in the four modernizations and technological transfer and invested US$6-$7 million a year in the research and development center to provide professional service and support for its clients in China (Lou, 2000). From this investment, local communities would have knowledge transfers, technology spillovers and inflow of the capital. Moreover, MNCs in China give more benefits and higher rates such as bonuses, salaries, wages, and insurances because they are larger and more productivity than domestic companies or small companies. FDI transfers high technology skills to Chinese for increasing quality of production methods. How many of investment is Economic Growth? During 1999-2008 periods, Chinas FDI increased from US$ 40.3 billion to US$ 92.4 billion and the percentage of real GDP growth also become increasing from 7.6 per cent to 9 percent at the same time. However, the number of projects by foreign firms had dropped from 41,473 in 2005 to 27,514 in 2008 because of Economic crisis such as the Asian financial crisis, increasing fuel price and unemployment rate. Top 10 Origins of Non-Financial FDI Country/Region of Origin Amount Invested 2007 ($billion) Amount Invested 2008 ($billion) Year-on-Year Growth (%) Hong Kong 27.7 41.0 48.1 British Virgin Islands 16.6 16.0 -3.6 Singapore 3.2 4.4 39.3 Japan 3.6 3.7 1.8 Cayman Island 2.6 3.2 22.3 South Korean 3.7 3.1 -14.8 United States 2.6 2.9 12.5 Western Samoa 2.2 2.6 17.5 Taiwan 1.8 1.9 7.0 Mauritius 1.3 1.5 12.1 FDI is significant element in Chinas reform and economic growth. Thats mean inflow FDI increasing effect to the volume of GDP growth. In 2008, as shown in figure 3, Hong Kong that was the highest top 10 origins of non-financial FDI inflows, received the capital of investment from foreign enterprises about US$ 41 billion and gained more 48.1 per cent from last year (Cheng and Kwan, 2000; Gao, 2005). Conclusion China has become the largest market of FDI among developing countries because of opening trade policys Deng. It has been increasing of the capital inflow by foreign firms, even though economic world is slowly growth. Indeed, foreign investors bring the beneficial opportunity on Chinas economy such as technology transfers, productivity spillovers, employment opportunities and Economic growth. Reference Cheng, K.L. Kwan, Y.K. (2000), What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience, Journal of International Economics, vol. 51, pp. 379-400. Ford, M. (2008), Adoption of Quality Practices in a Multidivisional Environment: a longitudinal Study, Quality Management Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 7-16. Kahal, S. E. (2001), Business in Asia Pacific: text and cases, Oxford University Press, Oxford [England]. Luo, Y. (2000), Guanxi and business, World Scientific, Singapore. Rosenberg, M. (2008), China Population The Population Growth of the Worlds Largest Country. About.com Guide. Available from: http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/chinapopulation.htm [Accessed: December 10, 2009]. Tian, X. (1996), Chinas open door policy in development perspective, Canadian Journal of Development Studies 17, vol. 1, pp. 75-95.

Affordable Care Act Essay

Abstract The Affordable Care Act Health coverage was developed to provide and guarantee coverage for sickness, injury and preventable health measures. Many people suffer from illness’ that go untreated because they have no health insurance or cannot afford it. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act allows everyone to have health insurance. In this case study I will explain how the affordable Care Act in North Carolina has improved. The impact of the Affordable Care act on the population that it affected The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most comprehensive reform of the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also called Obama Care transforms the non-group insurance market in the United States, mandates that all residents will have health insurance, significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, Medicare. Many people are opposed to Obama Care, simply because their high Republican beliefs won’t allow them to participate in any program put in place by a Democrat. Participating in a Healthcare program shouldn’t be chosen by whichever political party you believe in, it should be determined by carefully thought out plans and weighing the pros and cons of whichever coverage best suits you and your family’s needs. The Affordable Care Act  does not affect people or families currently covered with adequate health insurance. Those who already have Heath Care in place are protected by the â€Å"Grandfather Policy†. However, it does affect lower income Americans without health care making below 138% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). They may qualify for Medicaid under Medicaid expansion, if they meet all of the policies requirements. This puts health care within reach of many people denied health care in the past. The President of the United States put laws in place that all people participate in the Affordable Care Act and get health care insurance or be penalized and pay monthly fines. This legislation ensures that all people be treated equally†¦ the rich, poor or anywhere in between, you must have health insurance. To some this program seems very beneficial, but we as Americans do not like the government controlling our Medicare choices. These newly enacted Affordable Care Acts were set in place to help all Americans receive health care and medical treatment. This act wasn’t put in place to provide care to people living in the United States illegally; undocumented immigrants and people who have been in the United States for less than five years do not qualify. The uninsured people, who gain insurance coverage in 2014, will obtain their coverage through the state’s Medicaid program. Beginning in 2014, the Affordable Care Act requires that states expand Medicaid coverage to most uninsured adults with modified adjusted gross income no greater than 138% of the federal poverty limit. Children in families with incomes no greater than 200% FPL will continue to be eligible for Medicaid or North Carolina Health Choice (North Carolina’s Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Other people will gain coverage through private insurance offered through the Health Benefit Exchange (HBE). (Milstead, 2013, p. 199) . The impact of the economics of providing care to patients from the organizations view In the case study, the impact of the affordable care act on North Carolina uninsured population in 2011 showed childless, non-disabled, nonelderly adults could not qualify for Medicaid. Being poor, unemployed or homeless did not qualify a person for Medicaid. People, who are uninsured, are more likely to delay care and less likely to receive  preventive services, primary care, or chronic care management. As of 2014, The Affordable care Act adults will be able to qualify for Medicaid if their income is no greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. That income level was set at $30,429 for a family of four in 2010. However, some states do allow a family of four to have higher incomes and still qualify. The case study also showed that providing Medicaid to all people across the chart insured total coverage to all people and the FPL (Federal Poverty Level) had risen to a level where all peo ple were nearly identical to one another. Suggesting that if health care is provided equally throughout the nation there will be a lull in infectious diseases and untreated illnesses because everyone would seek treatment since they have coverage. Some of the economic growth and plans involve tax credits to individuals and families participating in Affordable Care Act, helping to keep participation affordable to all. Doing so helps to promote membership to all, thus keeping costs at a minimum and entices more families to participate. Another planned impact would be the cap placed on insurance company’s expenditures, careful monitoring of costs to provide service will eliminate overcharging by insurance companies and its affiliates. The government understands that it will take a number of years before the Affordable Care Act will show how much of a positive impact this program has on its participants. However, the government promises that keeping health care costs affordable will eventually lower rates and spending across the board. It says that with health care more available to all, more people get better and employees will come in to work reducing sick days and create better productivity, and financial gain for everyone. The Affordable Care Act also keeps families from financial ruin now when a family member becomes sick or unable to work they can still have health coverage through policies of their own or coverage provided through a participating family member. Before when a family member got sick they had to worry about being cut off of coverage if they lost their jobs. Families also had the added worry of escalating medical expenses while they were suffering through their sicknesses. Many feared losing their homes to pay for medical expenses. How the patients will be affected in relationship to the cost of treatment, quality of treatment, and access to treatment The Residents of North Carolina’s will have access to quality, affordable health care under the updated health insurance reform. The Affordable Care Act of 2014 will have a positive effect on patient safety and outcomes. It will provide many resources to allow patients easier access to insurance for health care costs and preventive care such as cancer screenings and vaccines. It will give incentives to health care facilities to improve the care being given. It is also mandated for all healthcare facilities to use electronic health record systems to keep track of all patient information to minimize errors. Doing this will also ensure that all patients receive the same care and treatment at all facility’s and that hospitals can share new developments or procedures. Reducing costs and prolonged hospital stays and long drawn out treatments, patients in need of specialized treatments can be sent to facilities better equipped to treat them with records of their treatments already in the system. (R. Kocher, J. Emanuel, M. Deparle, 2014, pp. 536-540) The Affordable Care Act provides medical coverage for families and children and is required to continue to make such coverage available for an adult child who is not married until the child reaches age 26. However, the Affordable Care Act is not obligated to make coverage available for a child of a child receiving dependent coverage. These people are considered parents themselves, and are expected to work and provide health care for their dependent children themselves. The ethical implications of this act for both the organization and the patients Since the beginning of 2010 adults, can qualify for Medicaid if their income is not greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. Gaining strength over the last couple of years as of 2014 everyone is qualified to get Affordable Health Care as long as they meet the plans restrictions and verifications. As everyone in North Carolina gains health coverage, the state and county governments could potentially reduce some of the expense to safety net providers currently used to help pay for services to the uninsured. Under this new mandated health reform, hospitals and medical  providers will be assured funding and payment since this program is to be funded by the federal government. Thus providing a system where medical facilities can focus on patient care, and not worry about the un or under insured not being able to pay for the care they receive. When organizations across the entire United States are given enough funding to cover the expense of new equipment and supplies, it allows more opportunities for hiring more educated staff members, and lets health providers focus on patient care. The state of North Carolina may eventually experience a decrease in unnecessary use of the emergency department and reduced hospitalizations as more people gain coverage and access to preventive and primary care services. Once health care is made more readily available and affordable to more people and families, the risk of fraud and abuse of services would be greatly reduced. These worries and concerns will all but be eliminated because health care would now be available to all Americans. Even Americans who were once refused treatment due to pre-existing health problems can now be seen by a physician. The Affordable Care Act prohibits pre-existing condition exclusions, refusals of treatment and all other discriminations based on health status by group health plans. Reference Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Kocher, R., Emanuel, E. J., & DeParle, N. M. (2010). The Affordable Care Act and the Future of Clinical Medicine: The Opportunities and Challenges. Annals Of Internal Medicine, 153(8), 536-W.190 Kovner, A. R., & Knickerman, J. R. (2011). Health care delivery in the United States. (10th ed.). New York, NY: Springer. 2014, 01). Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolina Uninsured Population. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 01, 2014, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Impact-Of-Affordable-Care-Act-On-46392180.html (P.L. 111-152 Summary of patient protection and affordable care act (P.L. 111-148, H.R. 3590), with amendments of the health care and education reconciliation act of 2010, H.R. 4872). (2010). Tax Management Tax Practice Series Bulletin, 22(7), 12-31. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/193794262?accountid=14872

An Actionable Guide on Immigration Argument Essay Topics in Step by Step Order

An Actionable Guide on Immigration Argument Essay Topics in Step by Step Order Now you are aware of how to compose your essay on immigration. Many people have a tendency to think that eradicating illegal immigration is impossible and that it cannot do the job. Illegal immigration can be repealed in the event the government takes the appropriate measures. Banning immigration won't improve the condition of the US labor market or lower the unemployment rate of native residents. The price of immigration ought to be reduced so as to reduce illegal immigrations. Furthermore, illegal immigrants also tend to commit different crimes since they aren't mindful of the other prevailing laws of the nation that they seek residence. The only means to stop illegal immigration is to create changes in rules. Illegal immigration may also hurt our economy because the taxpayers have to be responsible for the advantages that the illegals get. Among the most heated debates in the USA today, is the matter of immigration. There are a few problems that surpass the controversies which were raised about immigration. A great deal of public controversy was sparked on the discourse of affirmative action, which is all about the discrimination of the immigrants at work. Illegal Immigration Amnesty There are a number of problems that the USA faces and the one which is causing several debates is illegal immigration. So How About Immigration Argument Essay Topics? Illegal immigration can place substantial stress on the current economic superstructures in a nation, but at the exact time, assist the said superstructures throughout the provision of inexpensive and beneficial manpower. Granting amnesty will assist the nation focus on more important resources like militia. In addition, immigrants do not allocate jobs to themselves but they're preferred by the neighborhood industries so they can minimize the operation expenses. An ill egal immigrant can't be considered an employee under the IRCA, which automatically handles the discrimination issue. Hearsay, Lies and Immigration Argument Essay Topics Writing any essay demands precisely the same quantity of effort. Proper researching is extremely important if writing persuasive essay. There are, in addition, some special methods for writing the very first and the very last paragraphs (introduction and conclusion). While the next topics. Many people are inclined to compose weak arguments due to the fact that they don't know how to compose a compelling argument. The thesis statement will just sound weak with no instigating aspect. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. Pick a statement you will support throughout the remainder of the essay. Top Immigration Argument Essay Topics Choices An individual might argue that the immigrants are people after all and that they ought to not be discriminated against even should they come illegally into the nation. Illegal immigrants play a major role in raising the gross domestic product of the usa. They bring a lot of problems to the United States, and many are of the opinion they should not be allowed to enter the country in the first place. Some illegal immigrants are employing the asylum seeking route to continue to remain in developed nations. Civil wars are the chief reason for increased illegal immigrations. Illegal aliens in line with the law are people that are undocumented and not originally from the country they are residing in. The Immigration Argument Essay Topics Pitfall At the close of the day, going to work in another nation is decided by not having an alternative, although it is shown to be a tough path. You can receive some ideas from a good example. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to choose a topic that has more than one clear side. On the opposing side of the issue people feel that it's time for an urgent demand for an immigration reform.

Creative Brief Marketing Plan - 1725 Words

Creative Brief Key Features They have several unique features/offerings that include, furniture delivery, locally made products, and one of a kind home furniture, as well as high quality customer service. Proposed Target Market With these unique features/offerings, the target market proposed is women age 25+ with higher income in the San Marcos and New Braunfels area. This target market will bring in customers who are willing to buy on the higher end and women who will keep coming in on a regular basis. Our focus is to target women who are already in the area shopping at the outlet. Proposed Positioning Statement To increase their sales in the home section of the boutique the positioning of their boutique needs to be changed. The proposed positioning statement states, â€Å"For women, who are looking to find unique pieces and experience great customer service, Two P’s Calli’s offers one of a kind pieces to meet your style needs, while providing customers with professional, but friendly service. Unlike any other business in the San Marcos area, Two P’s Calli s does not compromise quality or service.† This statement positions Two P’s Calli’s against their competitors as a unique shopping experience in San Marcos. Message Proposed Two P’s Calli’s is a local gem filled with one-of-a-kind pieces that are sure to impress your guests when hosting dinner parties, holiday events, and much more. Unlike most furniture stores, Two P’s Calli’s does not bombard you with a â€Å"quickShow MoreRelatedMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7937 Words   |  32 PagesSummary 3 1. Situation Analysis 3 1.1 Internal Analysis 3 1.2 External Analysis 4 1.3 SWOT 4 2. Identification of Marketing Problem or Opportunity 5 2.1 Marketing Problem 5 2.2 Marketing Opportunity 5 3. Marketing Objectives 5 4. Positioning 6 5. Communication Objectives 7 6. Campaign Budget 8 6.1 Budgeted Costs 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. Choice of Media 14 8.1 Traditional Advertising 14 i.Read MoreMarketing Communication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7930 Words   |  32 PagesSituation Analysis 3 1.1 Internal Analysis 3 1.2 External Analysis 4 1.3 SWOT 4 2. Identification of Marketing Problem or Opportunity 5 2.1 Marketing Problem 5 2.2 Marketing Opportunity 5 3. Marketing Objectives 5 4. Positioning 6 5. Communication Objectives 7 6. Campaign Budget 8 6.1 Budgeted Costs 9 7. Campaign Target Audience 11 7.1 Brand Loyalty 11 7.2 Creative Targets 12 7.3 Behavioural Sequence Model (BSM) 13 8. Choice of Media 14 8.1 Traditional AdvertisingRead MoreMarketing and Overall Communications Objectives963 Words   |  4 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communications Plan Outline 1.0 Executive Summary The executive summary is an important piece to your IMC Plan. Often, CEO’s will not take the time to read all of the details of the plan, so this particular part of the plan should be a one page summary of the goals, execution plan, and potential results. 2.0 Marketing Communications Objectives The marketing communications objectives set the toneRead More9 IMC Message Strategy751 Words   |  4 Pagesbrand relationships The IMC Creative Brief is based on these mandates and how they relate to the brand decision-making process. 1 Creating Brand Value for a Biscuit 2 Brand Message Strategy Development The fourth step in the IMC planning process is developing message strategies. Companies and their marketing communication agencies employ strategic thinking at a variety of levels in the marketing communication process. 3 The Creative Message Brief A creative brief is a document that providesRead MoreInternet Marketing1291 Words   |  6 PagesHND in Business Unit 30: Internet Marketing Unit code: D/601/1102 Assignment Brief LEARNING OUTCOMES On successful completion of this unit a learner will: 1 Understand marketing through the internet 2 Be able to use the internet for promotion using digital marketing communications 3 Be able to produce market research to support customer relationship management 4 Be able to design an internet marketing plan. |Learning outcomes: |Assessment criteria for pass:Read MoreMarketing Campaign For Jay Z s Biography And A Hypothetical Creative Campaign1290 Words   |  6 Pagesas traditional media, digital and social media as well as experiential marketing platforms. Along with the agency, founder and Creative Chairman, David Droga, has worked with clients such as Google, CNBC, and Sprint (Droga5, 2017). However, the creative agency has done incredible creative work with Rapper Jay-Z and Bing. This document will examine Droga5’s marketing campaign for Jay Z’s Biography and a hypothetical creative campaign. The Rapper Jay-Z, born Shawn Corey Carter released a memoirRead MoreInternet Marketing1284 Words   |  6 PagesHND in Business Unit 30: Internet Marketing Unit code: D/601/1102 Assignment Brief LEARNING OUTCOMES On successful completion of this unit a learner will: 1 Understand marketing through the internet 2 Be able to use the internet for promotion using digital marketing communications 3 Be able to produce market research to support customer relationship management 4 Be able to design an internet marketing plan. |Learning outcomes: |Assessment criteria for pass: The learnerRead MoreEssay on Promotional Mix1255 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 9: Creative Product Promotion You are on work experience with large marketing consultant and have been asked to investigate some marketing/promotion situations as part of a research project they are working on. Carry out the following tasks for them and present your research in a professional report Task 1 (P1) Describe the promotional mix used by two selected organisations for a selected product/service. Use a high street retailer of your choice and a business of your choice,Read MoreBusiness: Marketing and Promotional Campaign1596 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ BTEC Level 3 National in Business Unit 9: Creative Product Promotion Unit code: Y/502/5425 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Start Date: 11th January 2012 Interim Date: 7th February 2012 Finish Date: 5th April 2012 Teacher: Mrs C Hamps Student Name: Grading Criteria To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: To achieveRead MoreAssignment Brief Unit 9 Creative Product Promotion 1 1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿BRAESIDE HIGH SCHOOL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS UNIT 9: CREATIVE PRODUCT PROMOTION Assignment Brief Title: Creative product promotion Date set : 23TH April 2015 Handing Dates : 30 TH JUNE 2015 Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1. Know the constituents of the promotional mix 2. Understand the role of promotion within the marketing mix 3. Understand the role of advertising agencies and the media 4. Be able to create a simple promotional